Procedure B The Venous System
1. Examine the heart again, and locate the following veins:
anterior vena cava (corresponds to superior vena cava)
posterior vena cava (corresponds to inferior vena cava)
2. Using figure 47.5 as a guide, locate and dissect the following veins in the thorax and neck:
right brachiocephalic vein left brachiocephalic vein right subclavian vein left subclavian vein internal jugular vein external jugular vein
Figure 47.4 Arteries (red) and veins (blue) of the abdominal cavity of a fetal pig, ventral view.
Posterior vena cava
Renal vein
Kidney
Internal iliac artery
Internal iliac vein Umbilical arteries
Figure 47.4 Arteries (red) and veins (blue) of the abdominal cavity of a fetal pig, ventral view.
Posterior vena cava
Renal vein
Kidney
Internal iliac artery
Internal iliac vein Umbilical arteries
Umbilical vein

Anterior mesenteric artery Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Posterior mesenteric artery Common iliac vein
External iliac artery External iliac vein Femoral artery Femoral vein Deep femoral artery Deep femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
Celiac trunk
Anterior mesenteric artery Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Posterior mesenteric artery Common iliac vein
External iliac artery External iliac vein Femoral artery Femoral vein Deep femoral artery Deep femoral vein
Great saphenous vein
3. Trace the right subclavian vein into the forelimb, and locate the following veins:
axillary vein brachial vein
4. Using figure 47.4 as a guide, locate and dissect the following veins in the abdomen:
posterior vena cava renal veins common iliac vein internal iliac vein external iliac vein
5. Using figure 47.6 as a guide, locate and dissect the following veins (branches of the hepatic portal system):
hepatic portal vein gastrosplenic vein mesenteric vein anterior mesenteric vein (corresponds to superior mesenteric vein)
posterior mesenteric vein (corresponds to inferior mesenteric vein)
6. Locate and trace the umbilical vein (that was cut) from the umbilical cord into the liver. Inside the liver it becomes the ductus venosus, which drains oxygenated fetal blood into the posterior vena cava. The umbilical vein and the ductus venosus degenerate after birth.
7. Trace the external iliac vein into the left hindlimb (see figure 47.4), and locate the following veins:
femoral vein deep femoral vein great saphenous vein
8. Complete Part B of the laboratory report.
Figure 47.5 Veins of the trunk, neck, and forelimb of a fetal pig, ventral view.
Axillary vein Brachial vein
Right subclavian vein Right brachiocephalic vein
Lung
Figure 47.5 Veins of the trunk, neck, and forelimb of a fetal pig, ventral view.
Axillary vein Brachial vein

External jugular vein Internal jugular vein Left subclavian vein
Left brachiocephalic vein Anterior vena cava
Posterior vena cava
Lung
External jugular vein Internal jugular vein Left subclavian vein
Left brachiocephalic vein Anterior vena cava
Posterior vena cava
Figure 47.6 Hepatic portal vein and its tributaries of a fetal pig, ventral view. The liver and stomach are retracted to obtain a clear view.
Liver
Gallbladder Hepatic portal vein
Anterior mesenteric vein
Small intestine
Figure 47.6 Hepatic portal vein and its tributaries of a fetal pig, ventral view. The liver and stomach are retracted to obtain a clear view.
Liver
Gallbladder Hepatic portal vein
Anterior mesenteric vein
Small intestine

Stomach
Spleen
Mesenteric vein Posterior mesenteric vein
Large intestine
Stomach
Spleen
Mesenteric vein Posterior mesenteric vein
Large intestine

Essentials of Human Physiology
This ebook provides an introductory explanation of the workings of the human body, with an effort to draw connections between the body systems and explain their interdependencies. A framework for the book is homeostasis and how the body maintains balance within each system. This is intended as a first introduction to physiology for a college-level course.
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